Droplet actuation with electrowetting has become a versatile tool for many lab-on-a-chip applications recently. Programmability, ease, and flexibility of design are the advantages of this technique over the other passive and active flow/droplet control mechanisms in Microfluidics. Electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) consists of three major parts: Electrodes, Dielectric, Hydrophobic surface.

Many researchers examined the effect of dielectric and hydrophobic layer properties (like contact angle, dielectric constant, dielectric strength, fabrication method, etc.) on the EWOD performance (like droplet speed and contact angle saturation). Electrode shape and geometry are also studied and optimized in the literature.
In our work, however, the physical state of the actuating electrode is questioned and studied. We believe this is the first work that examines the droplet behavior on underlying liquid-state electrodes.

" Sep 2021 Edit" : The paper, including the results of this study, is submitted, which is now under revision.